Abstract: Public diplomacy (PD) lacks an agreed-upon definition and boundaries. The
ambiguity surrounding the conceptualization of the term leads to confusion among scholars …

The second edition of the Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, co-edited by two
leading scholars in the international relations subfield of public diplomacy, includes 16 more …

This article examines the importance of exchange programs as channels of political
influence and the value that can be gained from examining their impact via various …

In Euromissiles, Susan Colbourn tells the story of the height of nuclear crisis and the
remarkable waning of the fear that gripped the globe. In the Cold War conflict that pitted …

This book offers the first account of the foundation, organisation and activities of the NATO
Information Service (NATIS) during the Cold War. During the Cold War, NATIS was pivotal in …

This book investigates the relationship between democracy promotion and US national
security strategy through an examination of the Reagan administration's attempt to launch a …

International exchange programmes have been previously conceptualised based on the
'opinion leader model'. It expects participants to form positive attitudes towards the host …

In late 2003 through 2004, the Saudi American Exchange conducted an exchange program,
the Formula 1 Global Marketing Challenge. This program is presented in this article as an …

Research Highlights and Abstract Governments offer scholarships to foreign nationals
expected to become influential in their home countries and shape public opinion to the …

Public diplomacy (PD) refers to the efforts of an international actor to understand, inform, and
influence foreign audiences in support of achieving desired policy goals. The term was …