Recently, researchers have concentrated on studying ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC)
artificial muscle, which has numerous advantages including a relatively large strain under …

Abstract Development of biomimetic actuators has been an essential motivation in the study
of smart materials. However, few materials are capable of controlling complex twisting and …

A biomimetic underwater robot was designed utilizing ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)
artificial muscles. The actuators were controlled by thermal and electrical inputs, taking …

Compared to conventional actuators, the soft ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC)
actuator has significant advantages in specific applications, and the mathematical model of …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a promising class of soft active materials. Their
high compliance, low actuation voltage, and ability to operate in wet environments have …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a new class of active materials that are gaining
traction as soft actuators in medical and industrial applications. IPMCs can undergo large …

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are smart materials that exhibit large deformation in
response to small applied voltages, and conversely generate detectable electrical signals in …

The formation of cracks is often observed in the epitaxial growth of ultrawide-bandgap
aluminum nitride (AlN) semiconductor films on economical and versatile silicon (Si) …

Ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscles have received great research attention in
the development of robotic manipulators, advanced medical devices, and underwater …

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are soft electroactive materials that are finding
increasing use as actuators in several engineering domains, where there is a need of large …