Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

The discovery that transient elevations of calcium concentration occur in astrocytes, and
release'gliotransmitters' which act on neurons and vascular smooth muscle, led to the idea …

Hyperactivity and disturbances of attention are common behavioral disorders whose
underlying cellular and neural circuit causes are not understood. We report the discovery …

Infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and resident microglia dominate central
nervous system (CNS) injury sites. Differential roles for these cell populations after injury are …

Background Excitatory synapses in the CNS are highly dynamic structures that can show
activity-dependent remodeling and stabilization in response to learning and memory …

Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is important for learning and memory formation.
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a specific form of synaptic plasticity that is induced upon …

Differentiation of astrocytes from human stem cells has significant potential for analysis of
their role in normal brain function and disease, but existing protocols generate only …

This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for ATP signaling (operated by P 2 X
and P 2 Y receptors) and adenosine signaling (mainly operated by A 1 and A 2A receptors) …

In the adult hippocampus, synaptic plasticity is important for information processing,
learning, and memory encoding. Astrocytes, the most common glial cells, play a pivotal role …

Abstract Systems neuroscience is still mainly a neuronal field, despite the plethora of
evidence supporting the fact that astrocytes modulate local neural circuits, networks, and …