Abstract The Late Devonian (383-359 Ma) was a time of prolonged climate instability with
catastrophic perturbation of global marine ecosystems at the Frasnian-Famennian (FF) and …

Two pulses of faunal mortality occurred during the Late Ordovician mass extinction (ca. 445
Ma). This biocrisis is recorded in Hirnantian strata of South China as a stepwise extinction of …

Paleoredox conditions are commonly evaluated based on elemental proxies but, despite
their frequency of use, most of these proxies have received little comparative evaluation or …

Existing redox classifications and the calibrations of elemental proxies to modern
environmental redox scales are in need of re-evaluation. Here, we review environmental …

The black shale submember of core shales of Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems is
highly enriched in redox-sensitive trace elements (TEs) relative to the overlying gray shale …

Size analysis of pyrite framboids has been undertaken on epicontinental Permian–Triassic
boundary sections throughout the world in order to evaluate the intensity and duration of …

The rise of atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event some 2.4 billion years ago
was a defining transition in the evolution of global biogeochemical cycles and life on Earth …

An abrupt transition from oxic to anoxic–sulfidic (euxinic) marine bottom waters occurred in
the Cariaco Basin in response to increasing productivity resulting from the late Pleistocene …

The 260-million-year-old Emeishan volcanic province of southwest China overlies and is
interbedded with Middle Permian carbonates that contain a record of the Guadalupian mass …

Variations in the concentration of redox sensitive elements combined with pyrite framboid
size data documented from a Marcellus Formation (Middle Devonian) core recovered from …