In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow
new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid …

Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

The two main strategies for enzyme engineering, directed evolution and rational design,
have found widespread applications in improving the intrinsic activities of proteins. Although …

Over the past two decades, genetic code expansion (GCE)-enabled methods for
incorporating noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins have significantly advanced …

Microbial protein nanowires are emerging as an alternative to abiotic nanowires for
electronics applications. Microbial nanowires are sustainably produced, robust, non-toxic …

Peptide and protein selective modification at tyrosine residues has become an exploding
field of research as tyrosine constitutes a robust alternative to lysine and cysteine-targeted …

Click chemistry has been established rapidly as one of the most valuable methods for the
chemical transformation of complex molecules. Due to the rapid rates, clean conversions to …

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins not only exponentially increase the
diversity of proteoforms, but also contribute to dynamically modulating the localization …

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) endow proteins with new properties to respond to
environmental changes or growth needs. With the development of advanced proteomics …

An orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair is a crucial prerequisite for site-specific
incorporation of unnatural amino acids. Due to its high codon suppression efficiency and full …