Since the inception of mass spectrometry more than a century ago, the field has matured as
analytical capabilities have progressed, instrument configurations multiplied, and …

This review presents our understanding of cometary dust at the end of 2017. For decades,
insight about the dust ejected by nuclei of comets had stemmed from remote observations …

Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation,
but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided …

Comets are considered to be some of the most pristine and unprocessed Solar system
objects accessible to in situ exploration. Investigating their molecular and elemental …

Cometary ices are rich in CO2, CO and organic volatile compounds, but the carbon content
of cometary dust was only measured for the Oort Cloud comet 1P/Halley, during its flyby in …

Cometary comae are generally depleted in nitrogen. The main carriers for volatile nitrogen
in comets are NH3 and HCN. It is known that ammonia readily combines with many acids …

Before Rosetta, the space missions Giotto and Stardust shaped our view on cometary dust,
supported by plentiful data from Earth based observations and interplanetary dust particles …

Ammonium hydrosulphide has long since been postulated to exist at least in certain layers
of the giant planets. Its radiation products may be the reason for the red colour seen on …

This chapter reviews the estimates of the dust-to-gas and refractory-to-ice mass ratios
derived from Rosetta measurements in the lost materials and the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov …

The COSIMA mass spectrometer on board the ROSETTA orbiter has collected dust in the
near coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko since August 11, 2014. The collected …