Helper T (Th) cell subsets direct immune responses by producing signature cytokines. Th2
cells produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are important in humoral immunity and protection …

Bone marrow is thought to be a primary hematopoietic organ. However, accumulated
evidences demonstrate that active function and trafficking of immune cells, including …

Immunologic memory is the adaptive immune system's powerful ability to remember a
previous antigen encounter and react with accelerated vigor upon antigen re-exposure. It …

It has been known for a long time that T-cell precursors generated in the bone marrow
migrate to the thymus, where T-cell development occurs. However, a fact often neglected is …

Bone metastasis is associated with significant morbidity for cancer patients and results in a
reduced quality of life. The bone marrow is a fertile soil containing a complex composition of …

Migration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is essential during embryonic development
and throughout adult life. During embryogenesis, trafficking of HSCs is responsible for the …

Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation, which is accompanied by increased
accumulation of immune cells in peripheral tissues including adipose tissue (AT), skeletal …

Beyond its established function in hematopoiesis, the bone marrow hosts mature
lymphocytes and acts as a secondary lymphoid organ in the initiation of T cell and B cell …

Patients with HIV-1 often present with a wide range of hematopoietic abnormalities, some of
which may be due to the presence of opportunistic infections and to therapeutic drug …

Memory for antigens once encountered is a hallmark of the immune system of vertebrates,
providing us with an immunity adapted to pathogens of our environment. Despite its …