BACKGROUND The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved
intracellular signaling network that helps the cell, tissue, and organism to adapt to a variable …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous intracellular organelle and the first
compartment of the secretory pathway. As such, the ER contributes to the production and …

Mitochondrial fidelity is tightly linked to overall cellular homeostasis and is compromised in
ageing and various pathologies,–. Mitochondrial malfunction needs to be relayed to the …

Omics-based technologies have revolutionized our understanding of the coding potential of
the genome. In particular, these studies revealed widespread unannotated open reading …

In response to diverse stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells activate a common adaptive pathway,
termed the integrated stress response (ISR), to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event …

A central mechanism regulating translation initiation in response to environmental stress
involves phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved pathway that allows the cell to
manage endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that is imposed by the secretory demands …

Mitochondria participate in crucial cellular processes such as energy harvesting and
intermediate metabolism. Although mitochondria possess their own genome—a vestige of …

ATF4 is a cellular stress induced bZIP transcription factor that is a hallmark effector of the
integrated stress response. The integrated stress response is triggered by phosphorylation …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle in eukaryotic cells for the storage
and regulated release of calcium and as the entrance to the secretory pathway. Protein …