The discovery of CD4+ T cell subset–defining master transcription factors and framing of the
Th1/Th2 paradigm ignited the CD4+ T cell field. Advances in in vivo experimental systems …

CD4+ T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease. In the original model,
specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage …

Summary CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells support B cells, which are critical for germinal
center (GC) formation, but the importance of TFH-B cell interactions in cancer is unclear. We …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical …

From a technical point of view a flow cytometer is a light detection device capable of
detecting photons of different wavelengths over a high dynamic range. In order to achieve a …

CD4+ T cells are central mediators of autoimmune pathology; however, defining their key
effector functions in specific autoimmune diseases remains challenging. Pathogenic CD4+ T …

Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area
of cancer immunotherapy, in which efforts have focused in particular on cytotoxic T …

Germinal centers (GCs), transient structures within B cell follicles and central to affinity
maturation, require the coordinated behavior of T and B cells. IL-21, a pleiotropic T cell …

In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of B cells, I take a look back at the
history of T cell help to B cells, which was discovered 47 years ago. In addition, I summarize …

Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a prototypical autoimmune disease. The involvement of
B cells in the pathogenesis of pSS has long been suspected on the basis of clinical …