Growth factors play a crucial role in regulating a broad variety of biological processes and
are regarded as powerful therapeutic agents in tissue engineering and regenerative …

In recent years, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution to the
limitations of current gold standard treatment options for bone related-disorders such as …

Biodegradable polymers have been used with various systems for tissue engineering.
Among them, poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has been widely used as a biomaterial for …

Recently, biomaterials with immune‐regulating properties have emerged as crucial new
platforms for bone tissue engineering. Inducing macrophages to differentiate into M2 …

Insufficient vascularization is a major challenge in the repair of critical-sized bone defects.
Deferoxamine (DFO) has been reported to play a potential role in promoting the formation of …

Supraphysiologic doses of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are used clinically to
promote bone formation in fracture nonunions, large bone defects, and spinal fusion …

Controlled, localized drug delivery is a long-standing goal of medical research, realization of
which could reduce the harmful side-effects of drugs and allow more effective treatment of …

With the in-depth understanding of bone regeneration mechanisms and the development of
bone tissue engineering, a variety of scaffold carrier materials with desirable …

Bone defects caused by injury, disease, or congenital deformity remain a major health
concern, and efficiently regenerating bone is a prominent clinical demand worldwide …

With the advent of increasingly complex combination strategies of biologics, independent
control over their delivery is the key to their efficacy; however, current approaches are …