The origin of vertebrates was accompanied by the advent of a novel cell type: the neural
crest. Emerging from the central nervous system, these cells migrate to diverse locations and …

Osteoporosis is metabolic bone disease caused by an altered balance between bone
anabolism and catabolism. This dysregulated balance is responsible for fragile bones that …

Bone is an evolutionary novelty of vertebrates, likely to have first emerged as part of
ancestral dermal armor that consisted of osteogenic and odontogenic components. Whether …

This critical review summarizes the knowledge about fish skeletal tissues and inherent
normal and anomalous development. Particular emphasis is given to existing literature on …

Skin wounds and injuries are frequently occurring in farmed fish, particularly in more
intensive production systems. Any disruptions of the skin, such as mucus removal, scale loss …

Hagfish depart so much from other fishes anatomically that they were sometimes considered
not fully vertebrate. They may represent:(i) an anatomically primitive outgroup of vertebrates …

Inspired by the overlapping scales found on teleost fish, a new composite architecture
explores the mechanics of materials to accommodate both flexibility and protection. These …

Although often overlooked, the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a
morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements …

Osteoderms are mineralised structures consisting mainly of calcium phosphate and
collagen. They form directly within the skin, with or without physical contact with the skeleton …

Small teleost fish such as zebrafish and medaka are increasingly studied as models for
human skeletal diseases. Efficient new genome editing tools combined with advances in the …