The concept of smart city evolved with the integration of information and communication
technology (ICT) in various sub-systems and processes in urban environment. The …

With IoT-based smart cities, massive heterogeneous IoT devices are running diverse
advanced services for unprecedented intelligence and efficiency in various domains of city …

Location-Based Services (LBS) stands for the provision of information about the position of a
device or a user often offered as a service via various means of media. Haversine formula is …

Accurate and infrastructure-free indoor positioning can be very useful in a variety of
applications. However, most existing approaches (eg, WiFi and infrared-based methods) for …

Due to the advancement of mobile computing technology and the various sensors built in
the smartphones, context-aware services are proliferating to everyday life. Location-based …

Indoor localization of targets by using electromagnetic waves has attracted a lot of attention
in the last few years. Thanks to the wide availability of electromagnetic sources deployed for …

In recent years, we have witnessed a flourishing of location-based social networks. A well-
formed representation of location knowledge is desired to cater to the need of location …

Different positioning schemes are based on the probability p (o| l) to have an observation
vector o at a Reference Point (RP) l, based on Gaussian probabilities. This paper presents …

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of optical radiation process triggered by
electrochemistry, which has been one of the most important strategies in analytical chemistry …

The position identification is one of the most important tasks for many real-time location-
oriented applications in Internet of Things. The precise and robust indoor localization always …