Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Regulated cell death mediated by dedicated molecular machines, known as programmed
cell death, plays important roles in health and disease. Apoptosis, necroptosis and …

The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to
conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here …

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has generally been described as a collection of clinical
manifestations resulting from an overactivated immune system. Cytokine storms (CSs) are …

Inflammatory processes that recruit leukocytes to injured or infected tissues are crucial for
tissue repair and the elimination of pathogens. However, excessive or chronic inflammation …

We report the updated classification of inborn errors of immunity, compiled by the
International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. This report documents the …

Despite recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, unmet
medical needs in some areas still exist. One of the main therapeutic approaches to alleviate …

Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are genetically programmed cell death mechanisms
that eliminate obsolete, damaged, infected, and self-reactive cells. Apoptosis fragments cells …

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key mediator of cell
death and inflammation. The unique hydrophobic pocket in the allosteric regulatory domain …

Cell death supports morphogenesis during development and homeostasis after birth by
removing damaged or obsolete cells. It also curtails the spread of pathogens by eliminating …