In this article, I review evidence showing that early childhood is a normative time for gender
rigidity across many domains, including appearance, play, peer preferences, and intergroup …

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) children face increased behavioral health risks
including suicidal behaviors and substance abuse. Parental affirmation is associated with …

Prior content analyzes have highlighted the pervasiveness of gender-stereotyped portrayals
and the underrepresentation of female characters in television programming. The present …

Children's gender-stereotypical dress and appearance might be one of the first
representations of children's emerging sense of gender identity. Gender self-socialization …

A robust literature documents the significance of gender in children's development, but gaps
remain in understanding how developing gender identities link to gender inequalities. This …

Our work examining young children's strong desire to wear gender-stereotypical clothing
suggests that physical appearance may be early reflections of developing gender identities …

The focus of this chapter is on two decades of advances in theory and research involving
cognitive theories of gender development. The primary ways in which contemporary …

Children who try to exclude others due to their gender can be considered as “gender
enforcers.” Using multiple methods (observations, interviews) and informants (children …

We explored how gender and gender similarity affects friendship dissolution following the
transition to middle school. We predicted that both gender and gender similarity (measured …

Many young children often exhibit a strong desire to wear extremely gender-typed clothing
(appearance rigidity), reflecting their emerging gender identities. However, research on …