Background Tumors are highly plastic metabolic entities composed of cancer and host cells
that can adopt different metabolic phenotypes. For energy production, cancer cells may use …

The evolutionary pressure for life transitioning from extended periods of hypoxia to an
increasingly oxygenated atmosphere initiated drastic selections for a variety of biochemical …

A reverse pH gradient is a hallmark of cancer metabolism, manifested by extracellular
acidosis and intracellular alkalization. While consequences of extracellular acidosis are …

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and is associated with
high mortality rates despite the continuously advancing treatment strategies. Glucose is …

Lactate is an abundant oncometabolite in the tumor environment. In prostate cancer, cancer-
associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major contributors of secreted lactate, which can be taken …

Although Warburg's discovery of intensive glucose uptake by tumors, followed by lactate
fermentation in oxygen presence of oxygen was made a century ago, it is still an area of …

Cancer cells must adapt their metabolism to meet the energetic and biosynthetic demands
that accompany rapid growth of the primary tumor and colonization of distinct metastatic …

A defining hallmark of tumor phenotypes is uncontrolled cell proliferation, while fermentative
glycolysis has long been considered as one of the major metabolic pathways that allows …

Abstract Since Otto Warburg reported the 'addiction'of cancer cells to fermentative glycolysis,
a metabolic pathway that provides energy and building blocks, thousands of studies have …

Cancer treatment with either standard chemotherapy or targeted agents often results in the
emergence of drug-refractory cell populations, ultimately leading to therapy failure. The …