In chronic infection, inflammation and cancer, the tissue microenvironment controls how
local immune cells behave, with tissue-resident fibroblasts emerging as a key cell type in …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related
cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic …

Cancers develop in complex tissue environments, which they depend on for sustained
growth, invasion and metastasis. Unlike tumor cells, stromal cell types within the tumor …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces a pleiotropic pathway that is modulated by the
cellular context and its integration with other signaling pathways. In cancer, the pleiotropic …

Increasing lines of evidence show that the malignant behavior of cancer is not exclusively
attributable to cancer cells but also radically influenced by cancerous stroma activity and …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic
response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong …

Most of the cancers are still incurable human diseases. According to recent findings,
especially targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the most promising therapeutic strategy …

Oncogene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inactivation are considered as the main
causes driving the transformation of normal somatic cells into malignant tumor cells. Cancer …

Fibroblasts have exceptional phenotypic plasticity and capability to secrete vast amount of
soluble factors, extracellular matrix components and extracellular vesicles. While in …

Tumours are known as wounds that do not heal—this implies that cells that are involved in
angiogenesis and the response to injury, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts, have a …