Networks form the backbone of many complex systems, ranging from the Internet to human
societies. Accordingly, not only is the range of our interactions limited and thus best …

We study the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods games where, besides the
classical strategies of cooperation (C) and defection (D), we consider punishing cooperators …

Up to now, there have been a great number of studies that demonstrate the effect of spatial
topology on the promotion of cooperation dynamics (namely, the so-called “spatial …

Strategy changes are an essential part of evolutionary games. Here, we introduce a simple
rule that, depending on the value of a single parameter w, influences the selection of players …

In realistic world individuals with high reputation are more likely to influence the collective
behaviors. Due to the cost and error of information dissemination, however, it is …

Social punishment is a mechanism by which cooperative individuals spend part of their
resources to penalize defectors. In this paper, we study the evolution of cooperation in 2 …

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a nature-inspired algorithm that has shown outstanding
performance in solving many realistic problems. In the original PSO and most of its variants …

A fundamental property of complex networks is the tendency for edges to cluster. The extent
of the clustering is typically quantified by the clustering coefficient, which is the probability …

Using density functional theory plus Hubbard U calculations, we show that the ground state
of (Mg, Fe)(Si, Fe) O 3 perovskite, the major mineral phase in Earth's lower mantle, has high …

A collective-risk social dilemma implies that personal endowments will be lost if
contributions to the common pool within a group are too small. Failure to reach the collective …