Fear memory is a motivational system essential for organisms survival having a central role
in organization of defensive behaviors to threat. In the last years there has been a growing …

Sensory preconditioning protocols can be used to assess how the brain integrates
memories that share common features. In these protocols, animals are first exposed to …

The neuron-specific transcription factor T-box brain 1 (TBR1) regulates brain development.
Disruptive mutations in the TBR1 gene have been repeatedly identified in patients with …

Working memory is a process for short-term active maintenance of information. Behavioral
neurophysiological studies in monkeys have demonstrated that the dorsolateral prefrontal …

Experimental research controls for past experience, yet prior experience influences how we
learn. Here, we tested whether we could recruit a neural population that usually encodes …

Avoiding stimuli that were previously associated with threat is essential for adaptive
functioning, but excessive avoidance that persists in the absence of threat can turn …

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is necessary for inferring value in tests of model-based
reasoning, including in sensory preconditioning. This involvement could be accounted for by …

Anxiety disorders arise from disruptions among the highly interconnected circuits that
normally serve to process the streams of potentially threatening stimuli. The resulting …

Several psychiatric conditions such as phobias, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by pathological fear and anxiety. The main …

How does a stimulus never associated with danger become frightening? The present study
addressed this question using a sensory preconditioning task with rats. In this task, rats …