The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the complex process
of pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines and play pivotal roles in …

CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocytic chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), is an
integral chemotactic factor which recruits macrophages for the immune response. Together …

The cause for at least 50% of recurrent miscarriages is unclear, which is defined as
unexplained recurrent miscarriages. The B7-H1 (PD-L1), a molecule of the B7 family …

Placental macrophages are highly heterogeneous cells with differential phenotypes and
functions defined by differential origins and modulated by the changing placental …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW), is a traditional Chinese
herbal formula that consists of Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Poria Cocos (Schw.) …

Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) is a systemic disorder that has been defined as
two or more pregnancies lost before the 20th week of gestation. Although the impaired …

Background: In pregnancy, excessive inflammation and break down of immunologic
tolerance can contribute to miscarriage. Endothelial cells (ECs) are able to orchestrate the …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma, CR), the
dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, has been used during pregnancy for more …

Methods This research study used an experimental methodology and was conducted in
2013 in Shahrekord, Iran. Forty female BALB/c mice (30–40 gm, 8–12 weeks old) were …

Objective To determine the effectiveness of Japanese Kampo medicines on the overall live
birth rate among patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in a real‐world setting …