Anxiety is the most prevalent brain disorder and a common cause of human disability.
Animal models are critical for understanding anxiety pathogenesis and its pharmacotherapy …

Skeletal muscle fibers are generally classified into two groups: slow (type I) and fast (type II).
Fibers in each group are uniquely designed for specific locomotory needs based on their …

Marijuana is one of the most commonly used illicit recreational drugs and is widely used for
medicinal purposes. The psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is∆ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆ …

Acetylcholine (Ach) is the main neurotransmitter in the neuronal cholinergic system and also
works as a signaling molecule in non-neuronal cells and tissues. The diversity of signaling …

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been used to study multiple effects of nicotine, for example on
cognition, locomotion, and stress responses, relying on the assumption that …

Neuromuscular transmission is the process by which motor neurons activate muscle
contraction and thus plays an essential role in generating the purposeful body movements …

Muscle relaxants are indispensable for surgical anesthesia. Early studies suggested that a
classical non-depolarizing muscle relaxant pancuronium competitively binds to the ligand …

The accumulation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at nerve terminals is critical for signal
transmission at the neuromuscular junction, and rapsyn is essential for this process …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are highly expressed at the vertebrate
neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where they are required for muscle activation. Understanding …

We report the discovery and functional characterization of αM-Conotoxin MIIIJ, a peptide
from the venom of the fish-hunting cone snail Conus magus. Injections of αM-MIIIJ induced …