A wide variety of insects use spatial memories in behaviours like holding a position in air or
flowing water, in returning to a place of safety, and in foraging. The Hymenoptera, in …

The ability to learn the location of places in the world and to revisit them repeatedly is crucial
for all aspects of animal life on earth. It underpins animal foraging, predator avoidance …

The ability of insects to learn and navigate to specific locations in the environment has
fascinated naturalists for decades. The impressive navigational abilities of ants, bees, wasps …

Highlights•Visual and multimodal memory of locations could be stored in the mushroom
bodies.•Central complex provides aspatial reference frame for integration of directional …

Animals moving through the world are surrounded by potential information. But the
components of this rich array that they extract will depend on current behavioral …

Insects can navigate efficiently in both novel and familiar environments, and this requires
flexiblity in how they are guided by sensory cues. A prominent landmark, for example, can …

Background Memory and learning are critical aspects of the ecology of insect vectors of
human pathogens because of their potential effects on contacts between vectors and their …

Information is acquired through cognitive processes and is essential for enhanced fitness in
many animal species. However, little is known about intraspecific variation in cognitive …

More than 100 years since the first maze designed for rodent research, researchers now
have the choice of a variety of mazes that come in many different shapes and sizes. Still old …

The mushroom bodies are prominent lobed centers in the forebrain, or protocerebrum, of
most insects. Previous studies on mushroom bodies have focused on higher olfactory …