Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and
methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-l-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino …

Taurine is a fundamental mediator of homeostasis that exerts multiple roles to confer
protection against oxidant stress. The development of hypertension, muscle/neuro …

Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in
excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first …

Natural antioxidants have received tremendous attention over the last 3 decades. At the
same time, the attitude to free radicals is slowly changing, and their signalling role in …

Energy metabolism is a basic and general process, by which the body acquires and uses
energy to maintain normal function, and taurine plays a vital role in energy metabolism …

Taurine is a key functional amino acid with many functions in the nervous system. The
effects of taurine on cognitive function have aroused increasing attention. First, the …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Ashwagandha (ASH) is one of the medicinal plants used
in traditional Indian, Ayurvedic, and Unani medicines for their broad range of …

Methotrexate is a folate analog used against a wide range of diseases including
malignancies and autoimmune disorders. On the other hand, clinical use of the MTX is …

One of the practical ways to manage the disease flares of arthritis is using an intra-articular
depot formulation of glucocorticoids. Hydrogels, as controllable drug delivery systems, are …

Betaine is a derivative of the amino acid glycine widely investigated for its hepatoprotective
properties against alcoholism. The protective properties of betaine in different other …