Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a
key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this …

Oestrogen receptor-α (ERα), a key driver of breast cancer, normally requires oestrogen for
activation. Mutations that constitutively activate ERα without the need for hormone binding …

The binding of lipophilic hormones, retinoids and vitamins to members of the nuclear-
receptor superfamily modifies the DNA-binding and transcriptional properties of these …

A novel estrogen receptor (hereinafter referred to as ERβ) was cloned using degenerate
PCR primers. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of ERβ with the 'classical'ER (ERα) …

Summary Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers frequently remain dependent on
ER signaling even after acquiring resistance to endocrine agents, prompting the …

Breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women, was already known to be
associated with the steroid hormone estrogen more than a century ago. The discovery of the …

As early as the 1800s, the actions of estrogen have been implicated in the development and
progression of breast cancer. The estrogen receptor (ER) was identified in the late 1950s …

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen are effective in the
treatment of many estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers and have also proven to be …

The steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors
encompasses not only the receptors for steroids, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D …

In the classical signaling pathway, the estrogen receptor (ER) binds directly to estrogen
response elements (EREs) to regulate gene transcription. To test the hypothesis that the …