Although error avoidance during learning appears to be the rule in American classrooms,
laboratory studies suggest that it may be a counterproductive strategy, at least for …

Making errors is part of human nature, and it is thus important to know how to get the best
out of them. Experimental evidence has shown that generating errors can enhance learning …

Some epistemic emotions, such as surprise and curiosity, have attracted increasing scientific
attention, whereas others, such as confusion, have yet to receive the attention they deserve …

We propose a framework for understanding epistemic curiosity as a metacognitive feeling
state that is related to the individual's Region of Proximal Learning (RPL), an adaptive …

In 10 experiments, we investigated the relations among curiosity and people's confidence in
their answers to general information questions after receiving different kinds of feedback …

Learning based on reward prediction error (RPE) was originally proposed in the context of
nondeclarative memory. We postulate that RPE may support declarative memory as well …

Although metacognition is considered to be the highest human cognitive function and a
crucial self-reflective function allowing us to have free will, finding where this modern “pineal …

Discrepancies between expectations and outcomes, or prediction errors, are central to trial-
and-error learning based on reward and punishment, and their neurobiological basis is well …

Misconceptions about science are often not corrected during study when they are held with
high confidence. However, when corrective feedback co-activates a misconception together …

Evidence regarding the use of inner speech by individuals with autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) is equivocal. To clarify this issue, the current study employed multiple techniques and …