Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic contaminant in the environment. Although both inorganic and
organic types of arsenic exist in the environment, the most common inorganic forms of As …

Direct or indirect exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) in the forms of AsIII (arsenite) and AsV
(arsenate) through consumption of As-contaminated food materials and drinking water leads …

Globally, environmental contamination by potentially noxious metalloids like arsenic is
becoming a critical concern to the living organisms. Arsenic is a non-essential metalloid for …

Class III peroxidases are secretory enzymes which belong to a ubiquitous multigene family
in higher plants and have been identified to play role in a broad range of physiological and …

The non-essential metalloid arsenic (As) is widely distributed in soil and underground water
of many countries. Arsenic contamination is a concern because it creates threat to food …

Inappropriate application of pesticides not only causes sub-lethal effects on ecosystem
service providers but also reduces crop yield and quality. As a xenobiotic signal molecule …

As the main fungal etiologic agent of apple (Malus domestica) replant disease (ARD),
Fusarium solani seriously damages apple roots. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) play an …

Soil salinity and drought limit sweet potato yield. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) by peroxidases (PRXs) is essential during plant stress responses, but how PRX …

Heavy metals (HMs) stress, particularly lead (Pb) stress, is one of the most hazardous
environmental stresses that can negatively affect plants' growth, yield, and quality …

Lignin is a complex aromatic biopolymer important for providing mechanical strength to the
cell wall and resistance against both biotic and abiotic stresses. It helps in plant growth by …