Vibrational spectroscopy, both infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy, have attracted
increasing attention for biomedical applications, from in vivo and ex vivo disease diagnostics …

Vibrational spectroscopy techniques have demonstrated potential to provide non-
destructive, rapid, clinically relevant diagnostic information. Early detection is the most …

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and mainly affects
younger women. The mortality associated with cervical cancer can be reduced if the disease …

Raman spectroscopy provides a unique biochemical fingerprint capable of identifying and
characterizing the structure of molecules, cells, and tissues. In cervical cancer, it is …

In this chapter, we describe biomedical applications of infrared microscopic imaging applied
to human tissue sections. The central focus is human diseases including cervical cancer …

Formalin fixation (FF) is widely used in pathology labs due to its ability to prevent tissue
degradation and better preserve tissue morphology, thereby enabling long-term storage …

Radiotherapy is the choice of treatment for locally advanced stages of the cervical cancers,
one of the leading female cancers. Because of intrinsic factors, tumors of same clinical stage …

The main aetiology of cervical cancer is infection with high-risk human papillomavirus
(HPV). Cervical cancer is almost 100% curable if detected in the early stages. Thus …

The molecular level changes associated with oncogenesis precede the morphological
changes in cells and tissues. Hence molecular level diagnosis would promote early …

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide but mortality
can be decreased by early detection of pre-malignant lesions. The Pap smear test is the …