Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by T helper 2 cell
(Th2)-shifted abnormal immunity, skin barrier impairment, and pruritus. The prevalence of …

Proinflammatory cytokines are produced by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) after
infection to stimulate T helper (Th) cells, linking innate and adaptive immunity. Virus …

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV alter the immune system, and coinfected (HIV-TB) individuals
usually present deregulations of T-lymphocytic immune response. We previously observed …

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an androgen synthesized by the adrenal cortex, which
is an intermediary in the biosynthesis of sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol …

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a common infectious disease in developing countries, but it is also
re-emerging in industrialized nations due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In addition to bacillary …

Lung disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) occurs with disproportionate
frequency in postmenopausal women with a unique phenotype and without clinically …

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem requiring an appropriate cell immune response
(IR) to be controlled. Since regulatory T cells (Tregs) are relevant in IR regulation, we …

Cell-mediated immunity, cytokines induced during the specific immune response and T-cell
populations are crucial factors for containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Recent …

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among HIV‐positive patients. The
decreasing frequencies of terminal effector (TTE) CD8+ T cells may increase reactivation …

Current search for a new effective vaccine against tuberculosis involves selected antigens,
vectors and adjuvants. These are being evaluated usually by their booster inoculation …