Background Medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction (MISGD), xerostomia (sensation
of oral dryness), and subjective sialorrhea cause significant morbidity and impair quality of …

The aim of this paper was to perform a systematic review of the pathogenesis of medication‐
induced salivary gland dysfunction (MISGD). Review of the identified papers was based on …

Objective. This meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety regarding usage of
butorphanol in patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA). Methods. Several databases such as …

There is a lack of guidelines for preoperative dosing of opioid and nonopioid pain
medications for surgical patients, which can lead to suboptimal preoperative pain control …

Background: Epidural analgesia is claimed to result in prolonged labor. Previous studies
have assessed epidural analgesia vs systemic opioids rather than to parturients receiving …

Purpose The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of intravenous
dexmedetomidine of different concentrations and to evaluate its maternal and neonatal …

Background Although it can be reduced, postoperative pain remains a problem.
Acupressure with electric stimulation may be more effective for postoperative pain …

The present prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study aimed to investigate
the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with butorphanol for patient …

Objective: To study the general efficacy of hydromorphone as a systemic analgesic in
postoperative pain management following single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery …

Lumbar spine surgery has a high incidence of postoperative pain, but this pain is treatable
through many methods, including patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Acupoint stimulation …