Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually,
resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms …

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to
produce and release thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These …

Proper brain development essentially depends on the timed availability of sufficient amounts
of thyroid hormone (TH). This, in turn, necessitates a tightly regulated expression of TH …

Thyroid hormones are of fundamental importance for brain development and essential
factors to warrant brain functions throughout life. Their actions are mediated by binding to …

Astrocytes play a critical role in the development and homeostasis of the central nervous
system (CNS). Astrocyte dysfunction results in several neurological and degenerative …

Despite decades of research on the relation between thyroid diseases and cognition, the
nature of this relationship remains elusive. An increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment …

Thyroid hormones are crucial during development and in the adult brain. Of interest,
fluctuations in the levels of thyroid hormones at various times during development and …

Glial cells are involved in multiple cerebral functions that profoundly influence brain tissue
viability during ischemia, and astrocytes are the main source of extracellular purines as …

Transsynaptic degeneration has been implicated in patients with primary open angle
glaucoma (POAG) and animal models of chronic intraocular hypertension. Whether the …

Thyroid hormones (TH; T3 and T4) play a fundamental role in the fetal stage to the adult
phase, controlling gene and protein expression in virtually all tissues. The endocrine and …