The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide and is
becoming a major public health crisis. Increasing evidence demonstrates a strong …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that affects approximately 6.5 million adults in the
United States. About half of the 6.5 million adults with HF are estimated to be individuals with …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is clinically characterized by a progressive increase
in pulmonary artery pressure, followed by right ventricular hypertrophy and subsequently …

The prevalence of obesity worldwide has increased in recent decades not only among
adults, but also in children and adolescents. This phenomenon contributes to an increased …

Rationale: Obesity presents a mechanical load to the thorax, which could perturb the
generation of minute ventilation (V̇e) during exercise. Because the respiratory effects of …

Heart Failure (HF) is the most common cause of hospitalization in the Western societies. HF
is a heterogeneous and complex syndrome that may result from any dysfunction of systolic …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that may involve multiple
clinical conditions and may be associated with a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is usually associated with a normal or decreased cardiac
output (CO). Less commonly, PH can occur in the context of a hyperdynamic circulation …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially ischemic heart disease and stroke, is the major
cause of death worldwide, accounting for more than one-third of all deaths annually …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a life‐threatening disease that coexists with right heart
failure. We evaluated the relationship between malnutrition and prognosis in patients with …