Climate change is increasing the threat of erosion and flooding along coastlines globally.
Engineering solutions (eg seawalls and breakwaters) in response to protecting coastal …

Scaling relationships (where body size features as the independent variable) and power-law
distributions are commonly reported in ecological systems. In this review we analyze scaling …

A keystone species is one whose effect is large, and disproportionately large relative to its
abundance nance of thcir eommunities, because they typically providc the major energy …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

Marine reserves are quickly gaining popularity as a management option for marine
conservation, fisheries, and other human uses of the oceans. Despite the popularity of …

The global marine fish catch is approaching its upper limit. The number of overfished
populations, as well as the indirect effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems, indicate that …

Abstract The Humboldt Current System (HCS) is one of the most productive marine
ecosystems on earth. It extends along the west coast of South America from southern Chile …

The intensity of human pressure on marine systems has led to a push for stronger marine
conservation efforts. Recently, marine reserves have become one highly advocated form of …

To determine the patterns of occurrence and importance of indirect effects relative to direct
effects in natural communities, I analyzed experimentally based studies from 23 rocky …

The usefulness and generality of the keystone species concept has recently been
questioned. We investigated variation in interaction strength between the original keystone …