In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common,
especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a …

The 2015 Paris climate conference is designed to achieve a legally binding agreement on
climate change for the first time in over 20 years; however, the participants face a much …

The 2009 Copenhagen climate summit may in retrospect prove a critical turning point in the
evolution of the international climate change effort. For a decade and a half, the principal …

Analyses from international and nongovernmental organizations have pointed to the
negative environmental, economic and social implications of the sizable subsidies handed …

Subsidies for the production and consumption of energy have come to the forefront of
international debates in recent years. The issue of fossil fuel subsidies has captured the …

Fossil fuel subsidies, like subsidies to the fishing sector, lead to trade-distorting and
ecologically harmful practices. The US 35billioninsubsidiesprovidedbycountriesev …

Energy issues have not figured prominently in discussions within the multilateral trading
system. Interest in energy issues, however, is on the rise as energy security and climate …

This paper explores potential trade opportunities and risks from a transition to a green
economy, and examines trade policy options that are relevant for this transition. It is written …

There is an increasing recognition that to avoid dangerous climate change, most fossil fuel
reserves will need to be left in the ground. This calls for increased attention for policies …

Fossil-fuel subsidies are economically inefficient and harmful for the environment yet efforts
to phase them out at the national and international levels have not been effective. The …