Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders and are often chronic and
disabling. Although exposure-based treatments are effective, a substantial number of …

Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in
psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with …

Fear is widely recognized as a defensive emotion that has developed as a consequence of
its adaptive function in protecting the entire animal kingdom from danger, ensuring the …

Exposure-based treatments for clinical anxiety generally are very effective, but relapse is not
uncommon. Likewise, laboratory studies have shown that conditioned fears are easy to …

Extinction serves as the leading theoretical framework and experimental model to describe
how learned behaviors diminish through absence of anticipated reinforcement. In the past …

Recent research on changing fears has examined targeting reconsolidation. During
reconsolidation, stored information is rendered labile after being retrieved. Pharmacological …

Dysregulation of the fear system is at the core of many psychiatric disorders. Much progress
has been made in uncovering the neural basis of fear learning through studies in which …

In this article, we introduce the method of measuring skin conductance responses (SCR)
reflecting peripheral (bodily) signals associated with emotions, decisions, and eventually …

Fear extinction is a form of inhibitory learning that allows for the adaptive control of
conditioned fear responses. Although fear extinction is an active learning process that …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder associated with memories of
traumatic experiences. Conditioned fear memory, a representative model of traumatic …