Pemphigus vulgaris is a life‐threatening autoimmune blistering disease caused by anti‐
desmoglein I g G autoantibodies that finally lead to acantholysis presenting clinically as …

Pemphigus is a rare and life-threatening group of blistering autoimmune diseases that
affects the skin and mucous membranes. There are two major subtypes of pemphigus …

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous skin disease where tolerance to the
desmosomal protein desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), and perhaps additional epidermal targets, is lost …

Background: M2 macrophages play a critical role in the induction of T helper 2 (Th2)
polarization. Methods: To investigate the contribution of M2 macrophages to the …

It has already been known for decades that the complement system plays a significant role
in many skin diseases (1–3). Changes in the function of the overall complement system or …

Background Alopecia areata (AA) is a common dermatological problem that manifests as
sudden loss of hair without any inflammation or scarring. Various cytokines are implicated in …

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a critical immunoregulatory pluripotent
cytokine. It has been re-evaluated as a proinflammatory cytokine, pituitary hormone and …

Background Promoter polymorphisms of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene
are associated with increased production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor …

Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that targets the bulb of the
hair follicles and results in non-scarring hair loss that can range from patchy lesions to …

Background: Functional macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphisms
are associated with elevated serum levels of MIF and increased susceptibility to various …