Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET) are the major virulence factors of anthrax and
can replicate the lethality and symptoms associated with the disease. This review provides …

Infectious microbes face an unwelcoming environment in their mammalian hosts, which
have evolved elaborate multicelluar systems for recognition and elimination of invading …

Hypervirulent strains of Clostridium difficile have emerged over the past decade, increasing
the morbidity and mortality of patients infected by this opportunistic pathogen. Recent work …

Studies that define natural responses to bacterial sepsis assumed new relevance after the
lethal bioterrorist attacks with Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), a spore-forming, toxigenic gram …

Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) regulates several important physiological processes by
converting GTP into the second-messenger cGMP. sGC has several structural and functional …

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that exports enterotoxins to alter host
cells and to elicit diarrheal disease. Among the secreted toxins is the multifunctional RTX …

Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) has been studied extensively by using cell-free systems
and tissue culture, but, like many bacterial toxins, the in vivo targets of TcdB are unknown …

This review summarizes our knowledge on the non-canonical cyclic nucleotides cCMP,
cUMP, cIMP, cXMP and cTMP. We place the field into a historic context and discuss …

Inhalational anthrax is a life‐threatening infectious disease of considerable concern,
especially as a potential bioterrorism agent. Progress is gradually being made towards …

Robert Koch utilized animal model systems to put forward his postulates while discovering
the etiological agents of anthrax and tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium …