or therapeutic medical strategies. However, the ESC Guidelines do not override in any way
whatsoever the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and …

Criteria for diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) were first proposed in 1994
and revised in 2010 by a Task Force. Although the Task Force criteria demonstrated a good …

Myocardial diseases are associated with an increased risk of potentially fatal cardiac
arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death/cardiac arrest during exercise, including hypertrophic …

The role of the sports cardiologist has evolved into an essential component of the medical
care of athletes. In addition to the improvement in health outcomes caused by reductions in …

Improved clinical care has led to an increase in the number of adults with congenital heart
disease (CHD) engaging in leisure time and competitive sports activities. Although the …

Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most validated and commonly used
echocardiographic measure of systolic function. LVEF has a unique position in cardiology …

Introduction The etiology of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people continues to
attract much attention. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the most frequent causes of SCD …

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has shocked the sports world because of the
suspension of competitions and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among athletes. After SARS …

Aims Due to superior exercise performance, athletes show higher blood pressure (BP) at
peak exercise compared to untrained individuals. Thus, higher reference values for peak …

Aims This study aims to explore the cardiovascular effects of long-term anabolic–androgenic
steroid (AAS) use in both current and former weightlifting AAS users and estimate the …