Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ debilitating autoimmune
disease, which mainly afflicts women in the reproductive years. A complex interaction of …

The gene regulatory apparatus that directs development is encoded in the DNA, in the form
of organized arrays of transcription factor target sites. Genes are regulated by interactions …

Helper T (Th) cell differentiation is highly regulated by cytokines but initiated by mitogens. By
examining gene expression in discrete generations of dividing cells, we have delineated the …

Cells of the immune system provide particularly fruitful subjects for the study of lineage
commitment. Both T and B lymphocytes undergo complicated patterns of differentiation from …

Differentiating cells undergo programmed alterations in their patterns of gene expression,
which are often regulated by structural changes in chromatin. Here we demonstrate that T …

Seven major cell–cell signaling pathways—Wnt, TGF-ß, Hedgehog (Hh), receptor tyrosine
kinase (RTK), nuclear receptor, Jak/STAT, and Notch—control the vast majority of cell fate …

Interleukin-2 was discovered in 1976 as a T-cell growth factor. It was the first type I cytokine
cloned and the first for which a receptor component was cloned. Its importance includes its …

INTRODUCTION Naïve T cells activated by cognate antigens and costimulation proliferate
and differentiate to effector T cells. The shift from a resting to a proliferative state entails …

The transcription factor NF-κB regulates a wide variety of genes involved in multiple
processes. Although the apparent consensus sequence of DNA binding sites for NF-κB (κB …

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXIII.© 1998 Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory Press 0-87969-550-1/98. 609 designated PRDI through PRDIV, interact …