Motivational processes are complex and multifaceted, with both directional and activational
aspects. Behavioral activation and exertion of effort are functions that enable organisms to …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among elderly people.
Owing to its varied and multicausal etiopathology, intervention strategies have been highly …

Cocoa is widely known for its health benefits, but its neurocognitive impact remains
underexplored. This preclinical study aimed to investigate the effects of cocoa and cocoa …

People with depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders can experience motivational
dysfunctions such as fatigue and anergia, which involve reduced exertion of effort in goal …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the pathologic deposition of amyloid and
neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and defective synapses …

Lithium is one of the most effect mood-stabilizing drugs prescribed especially for bipolar
disorder. Lithium has wide range effects on different molecular factors and neural …

Aims Electroacupuncture (EA) shows advantages in both clinical practice and depression
animal models. Dopaminergic‐related dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) may be a …

The worldwide increase in cognitive decline, both in aging and with psychiatric disorders,
warrants a search for pharmacological treatment. Although dopaminergic treatment …

Effort-based decision-making is impaired in multiple psychopathologies leading to
significant impacts on the daily life of patients. Preclinical studies of this important …

Background Dopamine plays a key role in several physiological functions such as motor
control, learning and memory, and motivation and reward. The atypical dopamine …