I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Contributing Authors Isam Alobid, MD, PhD1, Nithin D. Adappa, MD2, Henry P. Barham,
MD3, Thiago Bezerra, MD4, Nadieska Caballero, MD5, Eugene G. Chang, MD6, Gaurav …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects up to 12% of the general population and is traditionally
divided into two main phenotypic subsets, based on the presence of nasal polyps …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and type 2 asthma share
the same inflammatory pathophysiology and are frequent comorbidities. Dupilumab, a fully …

Effective treatment of inflammatory diseases is often challenging owing to their
heterogeneous pathophysiology. Understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms is …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) affects around 60% of
patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA). Benralizumab was recently approved for …

Background Clinically meaningful improvement in the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐
22) was observed in patients with severe, eosinophilic asthma, and nasal polyposis (NP) …

Background Biological treatments directed against IgE and IL-5 have largely improved
outcomes for patients with severe type 2–high asthma. However, a fraction of patients with …

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous inflammatory
condition of nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses, predominantly mediated by type 2 …

Purpose Tezepelumab, a human monoclonal antibody, blocks thymic stromal lymphopoietin.
In the phase 3 NAVIGATOR study (NCT03347279), tezepelumab reduced annualized …