Tryptophan is an essential amino acid from dietary proteins. It can be metabolized into
different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. Tryptophan metabolites such …

Metabolic disorders and abnormal immune function changes occur in tumor tissues and
cells to varying degrees. There is increasing evidence that reprogrammed energy …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, which ranks third in
terms of incidence and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Metabolic …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewing, multilineage differentiation and
immunomodulatory properties, have been extensively studied in the field of regenerative …

Tumorigenesis is a complex multifactorial and multistep process in which tumors can utilize
a diverse repertoire of immunosuppressive mechanisms to evade host immune attacks. The …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Although there are
standard treatment options for CRC, most patients respond poorly to these treatments …

Understanding the details of metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is
critical to improve stratification for therapy. Both multiomics analysis and cross-cohort …

Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer.
Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant …

In recent years, the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus (DM), including type 1 diabetes
mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) …

Tryptophan (Trp) functions in host-disease interactions. Its metabolism is a multi-pathway
process. Indole and its derivatives are Trp metabolites unique to the human gut microbiota …