The bouba/kiki effect—the association of the nonce word bouba with a round shape and kiki
with a spiky shape—is a type of correspondence between speech sounds and visual …

A received wisdom in modern linguistic theories is that the relationships between sounds
and meanings are generally arbitrary. However, there is a growing body of evidence …

Iconic words and signs are characterized by a perceived resemblance between aspects of
their form and aspects of their meaning. For example, in English, iconic words include peep …

Recent evidence has shown linkages between actions and segmental elements of speech.
For instance, close-front vowels are sound symbolically associated with the precision grip …

Experimental and cross-linguistic evidence suggests that certain speech sounds are
associated with size, especially high front vowels with 'small'and low back vowels with …

This study examines the relationship between instrumental timbre and brand personality
and its underlying mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate that the connotative meanings of …

Across many species, a major function of vocal communication is to convey formidability,
with low voice frequencies traditionally considered the main vehicle for projecting large size …

Phonetic elements of brand names can convey a range of specific meanings. However, an
integrated understanding of the sound symbolism of brand names remains elusive. Here, we …

The widely cited frequency code hypothesis attempts to explain a diverse range of
communicative phenomena through the acoustic projection of body size. The set of …

The interest in healthy food has grown rapidly amongst both consumers and food
manufacturers in recent years. However, which foods should be considered healthy is …