Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it
is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early …

The suppression of types I and III interferon (IFN) responses by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) contributes to the pathogenesis of coronavirus …

Interferons (IFNs) are the hallmark of the vertebrate antiviral system. Two of the three IFN
families identified in higher vertebrates are now known to be important for antiviral defence …

The innate immune system constitutes an efficient defense against invading microbial
pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) eventually alert vertebrates about the presence of …

Global fish production from aquaculture has rapidly grown over the past decades, and grass
carp shares the largest portion. However, hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp …

Interferon (IFN) response is the first line of host defense against virus infection. The recent
years have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding of fish IFN antiviral response …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their signaling pathways have essential roles in
recognizing various components of pathogens as well as damaged cells and triggering …

Although human pathologies have mostly been modeled using higher mammal systems
such as mice, the lower vertebrate zebrafish has gained tremendous attention as a model …

The zebrafish holds much promise as a high-throughput drug screening model for immune-
related diseases, including inflammatory and infectious diseases and cancer. This is due to …