Cardiac remodeling is generally accepted as a determinant of the clinical course of heart
failure (HF). Defined as genome expression resulting in molecular, cellular and interstitial …

increase in ratio of angiotensin II AT2 to AT1 receptor subtypes). Some of these switches,
such as the increased expression of the slow myosin ATPase isoform-myosin heavy chain …

The heart is capable of responding to stressful situations by increasing muscle mass, which
is broadly defined as cardiac hypertrophy. This phenomenon minimizes ventricular wall …

Swynghedauw, Bernard. Molecular Mechanisms of Myocardial Remodeling. Physiol. Rev.
79: 215–262, 1999.—“Remodeling” implies changes that result in rearrangement of …

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is related directly to hyperglycemia. Cell death such as apoptosis
plays a critical role in cardiac pathogenesis. Whether hyperglycemia induces myocardial …

1. Introduction markedly increases with age [1] yet most models of hypertension and heart
failure only use young adult rats. Animals have been used by humans for centuries to …

Background—Myocardial sympathetic activity is increased in heart failure. We tested the
hypothesis that norepinephrine (NE) stimulates apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes in …

Since Kerr et al1 in 1972 coined the term “apoptosis” for a morphologically distinct mode of
cell death, this concept of cell suicide has gained increasing interest in cytology and …

Rationale: MicroRNA (miR)-133a regulates cardiac and skeletal muscle differentiation and
plays an important role in cardiac development. Because miR-133a levels decrease during …

The goal of this study was to determine whether β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) and β2-AR
differ in regulating cardiomyocyte survival and apoptosis and, if so, to explore underlying …