An overuse of antibiotics both in human and animal health and as growth promoters in
farming practices has increased the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Antibiotic …

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are widely distributed in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive
bacteria. PFTs can act as virulence factors that bacteria utilise in dissemination and host …

β Barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) cluster into supramolecular assemblies that give
function to the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. How such assemblies form …

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a protective outer membrane (OM) with
phospholipids in its inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in its outer leaflet. The OM is …

Microcins are an understudied and poorly characterized class of antimicrobial peptides.
Despite the existence of only 15 examples, all identified from the Enterobacteriaceae …

Integral membrane proteins are involved in a plethora of biological processes including
cellular signalling, molecular transport, and catalysis. Many of these functions are mediated …

Bacteria deploy weapons to kill their neighbours during competition for resources and to aid
survival within microbiomes. Colicins were the first such antibacterial system identified, yet …

The outer membrane (OM) of gram‐negative bacteria is highly asymmetric. The outer leaflet
comprises lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the inner leaflet phospholipids. Here, it is shown …

Bacteriocins, which have narrow-spectrum activity and limited adverse effects, are promising
alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we identified klebicin E (KlebE), a small bacteriocin …

Integral membrane proteins are embedded in the biological membrane, where they carry out
numerous biological processes. Although lipids present in the membrane are crucial for …