HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY OF PLEURAL
INFECTION This section provides background information for reference, interest and to set …

Background Pleural infection, including parapneumonic effusions and thoracic empyema,
may complicate lower respiratory tract infections. Standard treatment of these collections in …

This guideline has assessed available evidence and attempted to gauge consensus opinion
where evidence is unavailable. The lack of paediatric data, in particular from randomised …

The annual incidence of bacterial pneumonia in the United States is estimated at 4 million
and approximately 20% of those cases require hospitalization. 32 The incidence of …

Pleural disease remains a commonly encountered clinical problem for both general
physicians and chest specialists. This review focuses on the investigation of undiagnosed …

Empyema and complicated pleural effusion represent common medical problems. Current
treatment options are multiple. The purpose of this study was to access the outcome of …

Empyema thoracis causes high mortality, and its incidence is increasing in both children and
adults. Parapneumonic effusions (PPEs) develop in about one-half of patients hospitalized …

Parapneumonic pleural effusions (PPE) and pleural empyema (PE) present a frequently
diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. Although pleural diseases have …

Empyema thoracis is defined as an accumulation of pus within the pleural cavity. While the
morbidity and mortality of this condition have undoubtedly improved over recent years …

Pleural effusion Page 1 REVIEW Pleural effusion A Medford, N Maskell ...............................................................................................................................
Postgrad Med J 2005;81:702–710. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2005.035352 Pleural disease …