The combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality
because it leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease. Potential mechanisms linking …

Hypertension (HTN) is present in more than 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and
contributes significantly to both microvascular and macrovascular disease in DM (Fig. 1). 1 …

Free radicals act as secondary messengers, modulating a number of important biological
processes, including gene expression, ion mobilization in transport systems, protein …

Obesity is an emerging pandemic driven by consumption of a diet rich in fat and highly
refined carbohydrates (a Western diet) and a sedentary lifestyle in both children and adults …

The global incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing among individuals of all
ages. Despite advances in proteomics, genomics and metabolomics, there remains a lack of …

Elevated serum uric acid levels are a frequent finding in persons with obesity, hypertension,
cardiovascular and kidney disease as well as in those with the cardiorenal metabolic …

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. HF is
present in more than 5 million people in the United States, accounting for nearly US $40 …

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of obesity, the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The progression of insulin resistance increases the risk for …

Adipose tissue inflammation mediates the association between excessive body fat
accumulation and several chronic inflammatory diseases. A high prevalence of obesity …

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a widespread chronic medical condition with prevalence
bordering on the verge of an epidemic. It is of great concern that cardiovascular disease is …