The ocean holds vast quantities of carbon that it continually exchanges with the atmosphere
through the air-sea interface. Because of its enormous size and relatively rapid exchange of …

Coral reefs are in decline worldwide and monitoring activities are important for assessing
the impact of disturbance on reefs and tracking subsequent recovery or decline. Monitoring …

The ocean's biological carbon pump transfers carbon from the surface ocean to the deep
ocean by several distinct pathways, including gravitational settling of organic particles …

In ocean waters, anaerobic microbial respiration should be confined to the anoxic waters
found in coastal regions and tropical oxygen minimum zones, where it is energetically …

Aquatic color radiometry remote sensing of coastal and inland water bodies is of great
interest to a wide variety of research, management, and commercial entities as well as the …

The phenomenon of subsurface chlorophyll maximum layers (SCMLs) is not a unique
ecological response to environmental conditions; rather, a broad range of interacting …

Abstract Secchi Disk Depth (Z sd) is one of the widely used water quality measurements.
Controlled by variations in Optically Active Constituents, it is a key index of overall water …

Lakes and other surface fresh waterbodies provide drinking water, recreational and
economic opportunities, food, and other critical support for humans, aquatic life, and …

Following more than two decades of research and developments made possible through
various proof-of-concept hyperspectral remote sensing missions, it has been anticipated that …

Through biological activity, marine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is transformed into
different types of biogenic carbon available for export to the ocean interior, including …