Lignin is produced in large quantities as a by-product of the papermaking and biofuel
industries. Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on the planet with its chemical …

Redox flow batteries represent a captivating class of electrochemical energy systems that
are gaining prominence in large-scale storage applications. These batteries offer …

Viologen‐derivatives are the most widely used redox organic molecules for neutral pH
negative electrolyte of redox flow batteries. However, the long‐established toxicity of the …

An increasing number of electroactive compounds have recently been explored for their use
in high-performance redox flow batteries for grid-scale energy storage. Given the vast and …

In this study, bio-derived natural agar powder was used as an electrocatalyst for application
as an electrode in all‑vanadium redox flow batteries. Different concentrations of agar …

The polarization of zinc‑nickel single-flow battery (ZNB) seriously affects the power density
of the battery. In this paper, the polarization of ZNB is studied by establishing a three …

A comparison study was conducted for various supporting electrolytes of sulfuric acid
(H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and mixed acids (H2SO4+ HCl) in a vanadium redox flow …

Electrolyte imbalance caused by water and ion crossover is one of the main factors affecting
the capacity of vanadium redox flow battery system over cycling. Ion crossover and the …

Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a most interesting rechargeable battery for grid scale
energy storage application. For the extensive commercialization of VRFBs, low-cost …

Redox flow batteries (RFB) are receiving increasing attention as promising stationary energy
storage systems. However, while first innovation activities in this technological field date …