Greenhouse gas emissions associated with power generation from fossil fuel combustion
account for 25% of global emissions and, thus, contribute greatly to climate change …

Salinity gradient power (SGP) has been identified as a promising renewable energy source.
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are two membrane …

In recent years, the development of nanopore-based membranes has revitalized the
prospect of harvesting salinity gradient (blue) energy. In this study, we systematically …

Combining two solutions of different composition releases the Gibbs free energy of mixing.
By using engineered processes to control the mixing, chemical energy stored in salinity …

The enormous potential of harvesting energy from salinity gradients has been discussed for
decades, and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is being increasingly investigated as a …

This paper provides a review on the recent development of thin film composite (TFC)
membrane, which has received increasing attention in the field of water desalination …

Minimal and zero liquid discharge (MLD/ZLD) are wastewater management strategies that
are attracting heightened attention worldwide. While conventional reverse osmosis (RO) has …

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has gained attention due to its use as a salinity gradient
energy-generating membrane process. This process can convert difference in salinity …

Salinity gradient energy, which is released upon mixing two solutions of different
concentrations, is considered to be a promising source of sustainable power. Of the methods …

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) has the potential to generate sustainable energy from
salinity gradients. PRO is typically considered for operation with river water and seawater …