Obesity is becoming a major health concern in Western society, and medical conditions
associated with obesity are grouped in the metabolic syndrome. Overnutrition activates …

Leptin is the most critical hormone in the homeostatic regulation of energy balance among
those so far discovered. Leptin primarily acts on the neurons of the mediobasal part of …

Obesity and overweight have increased at an alarming rate in the world during the last three
decades. Obesity is a crucial factor in the development of metabolic abnormalities, including …

Obesity-induced low-grade inflammation (metaflammation) impairs insulin receptor
signaling. This has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Insulin …

Under normal physiological conditions, leptin and the leptin receptor (ObR) regulate the
body weight by balancing food intake and energy expenditure. However, this adipocyte …

Under conditions leading to aging and metabolic syndrome, the hypothalamus atypically
undergoes proinflammatory signaling activation leading to a chronic and stable background …

Obesity is a global pandemic associated with macro-and microvascular endothelial
dysfunction. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction has recently emerged as a significant risk …

There is growing evidence that obesity is associated with brain inflammation in humans,
particularly in the hypothalamus where its presence may disrupt body weight control and …

Increased life expectancy in combination with modern life style and high prevalence of
obesity are important risk factors for development of neurodegenerative diseases …

Dysregulations in energy balance represent a major driver of obesity. Recent evidence
suggests that environmental factors also play a pivotal role in inducing weight gain. Chronic …